the philosopher's way
for them the self is an immortal soul that exists over time
socrates, plato, and augustine
for him the self is a thinking thing, distinct from the body
descartes
for him personal identity is made possible by self consciousness
john locke
for him there is no self only a bundle of constantly changing perceptions passing through the theater of our minds
david hume
for him the self is a unifying subject an organizing consciousness it makes intelligible experience possible
Immanuel kant
for him the self is multilayered
sigmund freud
for him the self is the way people behave
gilbert ryle
for him the self is the brain mental states will be suppressed by brain states
paul churchland
for him the self is embodied subjectivity
maurice merleau-ponty