soci final

What is one pull factor that drives immigration?

Economic opportunity and belief that life is better somewhere else

Which of the following is FALSE about reactive ethnicity?

Identity is something intrinsic to individuals

Discrimination and blocked opportunities encourage ethnic solidarity

Culture is a distinct and emergent product

What did the 1965 Hart-Celler Immigration Bill outline?

Eliminated 1920s quotas – putting all nations on equal footing, Replaced with numerical limits by hemisphere, Resulted in huge rebound in immigration, and shift in origins from Europe to Latin America and Asia.

Which theory of migration would argue that migration is driven by a receiving country’s pull factors and overall need for low-wage foreign workers?

Dual labor market theory

What does the theory of segmented assimilation attempt to explain?

This theory attempts to explain how second generation immigrants will fare or perform in the host society

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Gender is a social construct surrounding the characteristics of men and women, while Sex is the biological agreed upon characteristics of males and females

What is hegemony?

A kind of domination; the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by the dominant group

What is NOT true about the new gender gap in relation to education and achievement?

Women dominate popular perceptions of brilliance

Men’s educational attainment has stagnated

Men earn more, on average, than woman

What are the stages of the “scripted hookup” experience according to Wade?

Pregame, Grind, Initiate a hookup, Do…something, Establish meaninglessness

What were some of the conclusions from Mittleman’s study on gender in the classroom?

- Gay boys performed better in school than straight/bisexual boys
- Schools and teachers serve as a refuge for gay boys against bullying and rejection by peers
- Hegemonic femininity – “good girl” role: Girls raised to conform to adult expectations, are more concerned with pleasing others; so study hard, help teacher, follow the rules
- Hegemonic masculinity: Defined, more than anything else, as the absence of femininity; Adolescent boys value rebellion over academic effort; Being naturally brilliant, while not working hard, is fine

What is deviance? What is crime?

Deviance is behavior that violates a social norm

Crime is simply deviance that is sanctioned by laws

What are the two key groups critical to understanding the link between crime and social organization?

Strangers and youth

Explain anomie/strain theory of crime/deviance and give one example of it

Deviance occurs when there is a mismatch between goals and means to achieve them, which results in anomie/social strain. The mafia is one example of this.

A study shows that Chicago neighborhoods with more tree cover and well-maintained plantings/lawns average lower crime than other neighborhoods. What theory of crime is this consistent with?

Broken Window theories of crime

Describe Shaw and McKay’s social disorganization theory

- They tracked spatial pattern of delinquency over decades – local communities tend to retain their relative delinquency character despite changing racial and ethnic compositions

-In the zone of transition – immigrants enter the city in overcrowded areas near jobs, move out as they move up – so, this area always has high crime, regardless of who lives there. The spatial distribution of crime suggests that crime is generated more by social conditions than personality, predisposition, or ethnicity.

T/F - Drugs were a significant public issue before Reagan declared the War on Drugs

False – only 2% of US public considered drugs as a large national issue

What are two ways a criminal record can have a lasting impact on one’s social and political rights?

-People can be legally barred from voting in many places

-Regaining voting rights in states that allow it is difficult

Describe the findings of Devah Pager’s audit about criminal records and job applications

Job applicants with stereotypically black names and no criminal record were less likely to receive a call-back after applying for a low skill job than applicants with stereotypically white names who did have a criminal record

What effect did 287 (g) and Secure Communities programs have?

They involved local police departments in immigration enforcement

Describe the “devolution” of immigration policy to states and cities

- In the 1990s, states began to start implementing their own punitive policies such as criminalizing those who shelter, hire, or transport undocumented immigrants
- Devolution ot cities was a part of the 1996 illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act that implemented greater cooperation between local police and ICE

T/F - Gender norms and display boundaries have shifted and become less rigid over time

TRUE

What are the four major challenges that new waves of nonwhite migrants experience in the US?

Greater racial difference and racism, Bifurcated labor markets – low skill jobs have little room for mobility, Shift in immigration policy to be more punitive, Street life - urban neighborhoods have concentrated disadvantage

What does Mills argue about the “Power Elite”

Power in America lies in the hands of a few political corporate and military leaders – laws are created by these people to protect their interests

What is social closure? (give an example of social closure for race and class)

- Social closure is the idea that certain groups restrict their interactions to those with their same social status
- Race → residential segregation leading to redlining/ low property value , under-resourced schools due to tax schemas
- Class → wealthy social or athletic clubs that require membership nominations and or high membership fees. Legacy admissions.

Describe two social interactionist theories of crime and deviance

- Learning/differential association – deviance is learned, and association with deviant peers will encourage crime
- Labeling theory – deviance comes after others label this person as a troublemaker

What role have executive actions and enforcement priorities had on crimmigration? Give specific examples

Executive actions have helped break legislative gridlock.