java 2 chapter 11 part 2
Volatile storage
memory that requires power to retain information. Contrast with nonvolatile storage.
Random access memory (RAM)
temporary, volatile storage.
computer file
a collection of stored information in a computer system.
permanent storage device
a hardware storage device that retains data even when power is lost.
Nonvolatile storage
storage that does not require power to retain information. Contrast with volatile storage.
text file
a file that contains data that can be read in a text editor because the data has been encoded using a scheme such as ASCII or Unicode.
application file
a file that stores software instructions.
root directory
the main directory of a storage device, outside any folders.
program file
a file that stores software instructions.
data file
a file that consists of related records that contain facts and figures, such as employee numbers, names, and salaries.
binary file
a file that contains data items that have not been encoded as text; the contents are in binary format.
folder
element in a storage organization hierarchy. See also directory.
path delimiter
the character used to separate path components.
path
the complete list of the disk drive plus the hierarchy of directories in which a file resides.
directory
element in a storage organization hierarchy. See also folder.
factory
an object that creates other objects.
absolute path
a complete file path that does not require any other information to locate a file on a system.
relative path
a path that depends on other path information to be complete.
TOCTTOU bug
an acronym that describes an error that occurs when changes take place from Time Of Check To Time Of Use.
character
any letter, number, or special symbol (such as a punctuation mark) that comprises data.
field
a data variable declared in a class outside of any method; in reference to file organization, a group of characters that has some meaning.
static import feature
a feature in Java that allows you to use static constants without their class name
record
in file organization, a collection of fields that contain data about an entity.
comma-separated values (CSV)
describes data stored in a file where fields are separated with a comma.
sequential access file
a data file that contains records that are accessed one after the other in the order in which they were stored.
open a file
to make a file accessible; in Java, the action that creates an object and associates a stream of bytes with it.
close a file
to make a file no longer available to an application.
stream
a pipeline or channel through which bytes flow into and out of an application.
Flushing
an operation to clear bytes that have been sent to a buffer for output but that have not yet been output to a hardware device.
interactive program
a program in which the user makes direct requests.
batch processing
handling data by performing the same tasks with many records, one after the other.
real-time
describes applications that require a record to be accessed immediately while a client is waiting.
random access file
a file in which records can be accessed in any order.
seekable
describes a file channel in which operations can start at any specified position.
direct access file
a random access file.
file channel
an object that is an avenue for reading and writing a file.
instant access file
a random access file.
wrapped
to be encompassed in another type.
key field
the field in a record that makes the record unique from all others.