Definitions of Philosophy
“I think therefore I am”
René Descartes
“Hell is other people”
Jean Paul Sartre
“Hope is a waking dream.” ; "No excellent soul is exempt from a mixture of madness."
Aristotle
Derived for Greek words "etimos" and "logos" ; Study of the history of the word or terminology
Etymology
Greek for "root, origin, cause, basis, history"
Etimos
Greek for "Study"
Logos
Greek for "wisdom"
Sofia
Greek for "love, desire for, interest in"
Philia
Combined Philia and Sofia in 600 B.C.
Pythagoras
A terminology that means knowledge
Episteme
defining deeply, wise, according to etymology; an awareness of something which is basic; knowledge of the basic principle.
Wisdom
a million formation; simple data that comes from the outside that pass to our senses
Knowledge
A terminology that comes from the Greek Words "Philia" and "Sofia" ; It is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
It has four branches: Logic, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Axiology
Philosophy
"Philosophy is thinking really hard about the most important questions and trying to bring analytic clarity both to the questions and the answers.”
Marilyn Adams
"Philosophy is critical thinking: trying to become aware of how one’s own thinking works, of all the things one takes for granted, of the way in which one’s own thinking shapes the things one’s thinking about.”
Don Cupitt
"Philosophy is the acquisition of knowledge."
Plato
"Philosophy is an interpretation of the world in order to change it."
Karl Marx
Father of Western Philosophy
Thales of Miletus
The branch of philosophy that considers the physical universe and the nature of ultimate reality; It asks questions like, What is real? What is the origin of the world? What is beyond the stars
Metaphysics
The branch of philosophy that considers how people come to learn what they know; refers to the nature and origin of knowledge and truth.
Epistemology
Four main bases of knowledge
Divine revelation, Experience, Logic and Reason, Intuition
The branch of philosophy that considers the study of principles and values.
Axiology
Two main kinds of Values
Aesthetics & Ethics
Questioning of morals and personal values.
Ethics
The examination of what is beautiful, enjoyable, or tasteful.
Aesthetics
The branch of philosophy that seeks to organize reasoning.
Logic
Taking specific examples and considering the general principles, rules, or cases that caused them.
Inductive reasoning
Examining a general case, deducing a general set of rules or principles, and then applying these rules to specific cases.
Deductive reasoning
Two main kinds of Logic
Deductive reasoning & Inductive reasoning
Set of views or belief about life and the universe, which are often held uncritically
1st Nature of Philosophy
Process of reflecting and criticizing our most deeply held conceptions and beliefs.
2nd Nature of Philosophy
Rational attempt to look at the world as a whole
3rd Nature of Philosophy
Logical analysis of language and clarification of the meaning of the words and concepts
4th Nature of Philosophy
Group of perennial problems that interest people and for which philosophers always have sought answers.
5th Nature of Philosophy