ON bipolar cells have G protein coupled receptors called ____
mGluR6
OFF bipolar cells have glutamate-gated cation channels called ______
AMPA
Will release of Glutamate from photoreceptors cause OFF bipolar cells to release more or less Glutamate themselves?
more
Will release of Glutamate from photoreceptors cause ON bipolar cells to depolarize or hyperpolarize?
hyperpolarize
True or False: There are direct and indirect pathways from photoreceptors to bipolar cells
true
Direct pathways are ones in which photoreceptors synapse directly onto bipolar cells, while indirect pathways use horizontal cells. True or false?
true
ON bipolar cells will have an "on" response when light is shining in the _____(center or surround) of the receptive field
center
Is this the correct pathway of light (yes or no):
photoreceptors, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells, ganglion cells
no
True or False: Whatever the bipolar synapse does, the ganglion cell will do
true
True or False: The most effective way of maximizing the firing of an on-center or off-center cell is to completely illuminate either the "on area" or "off area" of its receptive field
true
Off and on-center ganglion cells do not really care about illuminance levels, but rather where this illuminance falls. This is called ______
luminance contrast
An on-center cell will have the highest rate of firing when a spot of light is ______
at the edge of the center
Contrast enhancement uses ______ (2 words), which help to exaggerate borders (via shadows and colour) in order for us to accurately perceive edges