chemistry
7 diatomic elements
I2, H2, N2, Br2, O2, Cl2, F2
ammonia symbol
NH3
hydrogen chloride symbol
HCl
hydrochloric acid symbol
HCl
Methane symbol
CH4
Nitric acid symbol
HNO3
sulfuric acid
H2SO4
carbon monoxide
CO
ethanol symbol
C2H5OH
sulfur dioxide
SO2
ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
hydrogen peroxide
H2O2
sulfourous acid
H2SO3
nitrate letters
NO3
hyrdoxide letters
OH
sulfate letters
SO
bicarbonate
HCO
carbonate letters
CO
what is diatomic
2 atoms covantly bonded together
what is displacement
a reaction where an elenent replaces a less reactive element from its compound
what is inert
unreactive
what is a monatomic substance
consisting only 1 atom
what are valence electrons
consisting of only 1 atom
what is an element
a substance that consists of only one atom, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions
who created the periodic table
Dmitri mendaleev
how was mendaleevs table arranged
order of atomic weight/mass
what did mendaleevs table have none off
transition metals or noble gasses
4 metal characteristics
ductile, mallaeble, sonorous, conduct heat & electricity
non-metals dont have metallic properties except...
graphite & graphene
how many gasses are in periodic table
11
how many liquids are in periodic table
2
what are the liquids in periodic table
mercury & bromine
what are the gasses in periodic table
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, noble gasses
what is group 1
alkali metals, group of reactive metals
what is group 2
alkaline earth metals, less reactive thn1 group 1 but still reactive
what is group 7
halogens, reactive non-metals
what is group 8(0)
noble gasses, non reactive non metals
where are group 1 metals stored
under oil because they react in air
general word euation of metal reacting with water
metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
symbol equations for metal reacting with water ( eg lithium)
2Li + 2H2O -> 2LiOH + H2
what do alkaili metals form when reacting with water
hydroxide & hydrogen gas
how do group 1 react with halogens
vigourously to produce salts
eg. sodium + chloride -->
sodium chloride
salts from all group 1 metals are..
white solids but give colourless solution
what do halogens exist as
diatomic molecules
as you go down group 7
melting ppoint, density, atomic radius & colour intensity all increase
what is fluorine
pale yellow gas that has no colour in water
what is chlorine
green gas thats green in water
what is bromine
red liquid that evaporates to a red/brown gas, orange/brown in water
what colour solid is iodine
grey
whaat colour vapour is iodine
purple
what happens iodine solid
sublimes to vapour
what happens iodine vapour as it cools
reverse sublimes to form grey/black crystals
why does iodine change
its weak van der waals forces between moelecules take little energy to break away from one another.
what colours iodine in water
brown
moving down group halogens get
less reactive
halogens react to form..
ions
halogens forming ions formula (e.g. F)
F + e- -> F- (-1 charge)
flurone + sodium chloride -->
sodium fluoride + chlorine
what does displacing bomide do
releases bromine which dissolves in water forming a pale yellow solution
chlorine + sodium brominde -->
sodium chloride + bromine
what colour are noble gasses
colourless
what happens when u go down group 8/0
boiling points increase
what does nobles gases have between atoms
weak intermolecular forces
what colour is Copper(II) carbonate
green
what colour is Copper(II) oxide
black
what colour is Hydrate copper(II) sulfate
blue
what colour are Copper(II) salts
usually blue in solution
what charge does Iron(II) have, and how do you know
+2, roman numerals
what is an atom
a central positively charged nuclease containing protons & nuetrons surrounded by electrons in shells
what is atomic number
number of protons
what is atomic mass
number of protons & nuetrons
what is a compound
2 or more elements chemiclly comined
what is electrostatic forces of attraction
attractive forces between oppositively charged species
what is an isotope
element with same atomic number but differenet mass number
sum to find electrons?
protons - charge
sum to find nuetrons
mass no. - atomic no. (big - small)
protons charge and mass
+1 charge, 1 mass
charge and mass of nuetrons
0 charge, mass 1
charge and mass of electrons
-1 charge, 1/1840 mass
what is the charge of an atom
no overall charge because the number of positive nuetrons = number of negative electrosn, so they cancel eachother out
what are obitting electrons held in place by
electrostatic force of attraction
what is chemical reactivity due to
number of electrons in outer shell
what are the only subatomic particle responsible for chemical reactivity in atoms
electrons
Cl-35 and Cl-37 are examples of what?
isotopes
what is relative atomic mass
mass of atom compared to carbon-12 isotope, which has mass of exactly 12
what is an ion
a charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons
what is a molecular ion
charged particle containing more than one atom
what is a positively charged ion called?
cation
what is an anion
a negatively charged ion
what is formed when a metal atom reacts with a non metal ion
chemically combine to form compounds
what do negative ions have at the end of their name
-ide
when are atoms most stable
full outer shell
Na+ + Cl- -->
MgCl
Mg+2 + Cl- -->
MgCl2