ORGANIC CHEM
The study of compounds primarily composed of carbon aroms, their structure, peroperties, composition, reactions, and synthesis
Organic Chemistry
An element with symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic mass 12
Carbon
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms
Covalent bond
compound composed solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Hydrocarbon
Any chemical compound which contains carbon atoms nomded to hydrogen atoms and may also include other elements sch as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens
Organic compound
Specific arrangement of atoms which determines the compounds reactivity and interactions with other substances and is responsible for the compounds physical and chemical properties
Functional Group
Molecules with similar molecular formula but with different structural formula
Isomer
The process of combining small units, monomers, o form large molecules known as polymers
Polymerization
the ability to bond to itself amd form stable chain, rinng, and branched compounds
Catenation
saturated hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.
Alkanes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon triple bond
Alkynes
hydrocarbons with a ring structure of alternating single and double bonds. Benzene is he simplest aromatic hydrocarbon
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons that form closed-ring structures, with carbon atoms arranged in a cyclc or ring-like fashion which contains different arrangements of single, double, or triple bonds within the ring
Cyclic Hydrocarbon
only single bonds (ends with ane)
alkane
at least one double bond ends with ene
Alkene
at least one triple bond ends with yne
Alkyne
Hydrocarbon chain or rin sustituent formed by the removal of H atom from alkane
Alkyl group
Sustituent derived from an aromatic compound
Aryl group
carbonyl group attached to a hydrogen atom
aldehyde group
Carbonyl group attached to two alkyl groups
Ketone group
Carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group
Carboxyclic acid group
nitrogen atom bonded to one or ore alkyl groups
amine group
carbonyl group linked to an alkyl group and an oxygen atom
Ester group
Oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups
Ether
Hydroxyl group(-OH) bonded to a carbon atom
Alcohol group
carbonyl group attached to a nitrogen atom
Amidegroup
Carbon atom trplebonded to a nitrogen atom
nitrile group
functional group containing a halogen atom (fluorine chlorine, bromine, or iodine)
Halide group
Sulfur atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group
Thiol group
formed by the removal of one hydrogen atom from an alkane chain. alkane name converted from ane to yl
Alkyl group
contain aromatic rings, sustituent in organic compounds
Aryl groups
functional group -CHO, consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to a hydrogen atom. Most have distinct oders. lower boiling point nad soluble in organic solvents
aldehyde group
functional group -CO-, consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. Generally have a sweet or fruity flavor have hight boiling points
Ketone
Functional group represented by -COOH, consists of carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl froup on the same carbon. Acidic in nature, high boiling point
Carboxyclic acid group
derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups, weak bases and has short chains
Amin group
Derived from carboxyclic acids by replacing the hydroxyl group with alkoxy group. Use n perfumes and food flavorings
Ester
is a process in which two reactants, alcohol and an acid from an Ester as product of chemical reaction
Esterification
is the process used to make soaps from lipids which involves the hydrolysis of esters under basic conditions to form carboxylate salts and alcohols
Saponification
Consists of two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to an oxygen atom. Less soluble in water compared t alcohols of similar molecular weight
Ether group
Functional group is represented by the format formula -OH. Have higher boiling point than hydrocarbons
Alcohol group
contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a carbon bonded to one alkyl group
Primary alcohom
Contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to carbon bonded to two alkyl groups
Secondary Alcohol
Contains a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to carbon bonded to three alkyl groups
Tertiary alcohol
function group consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a nitrogen atom. Have the ability to from hydrogen bonds. have hight boiling points compared to analogous amines
Amide group
Consists of a carbon atom triple bonded to a nitrogen atom. Composed of a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom via triple bond
Nitrile group
Consists of halogens; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Highly reactive due to their tendency to gain one electron to conform with the octet rule. can readily form covalent bonds and can act as electrons acceptors in chemical reactions
Halide group
Consist of a sulfur aotm bonded t a hydrogen atom. Sulfur hydrogen bond exhibits a polar bond
Thiol Group