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What is a tissue?

A group of specialised cells with similar strucutre .

What is an organ?

A group of tissues working together to produce a specific function.

What is an organ system?

A group of organs which work together to perform a certain function.

What happens in the mouth ? - Digestive System

Enzymes in the mouth digest starch into simple sugars.

What happens in the stomach? - Digestive System

-Enzymes begin the digestion of proteins.
- Contains HCL which help the digestion of proteins .

-Churning turns it into a fluid and increases SA

What happens in the Small Intestine? - Digestive System

-Chemicals are released from the Pancreas and the Liver
- The Pancreas releases enzymes which continue the digestion of starch and proteins and begin the digestion of lipids

- The liver releases bile which speeds up the digestion of lipids and neutralises the stomach acid

- The walls of the S.I contain enzymes which continue the digestion of lipids and proteins

- Small molecules get absorbed into the blood stream

What happens in the Large Intestine? - Digestive System

The fluid goes into the L.I where water is asborbed into the bloodstream . It is then released into the faeces.

What is an enzyme?

A biological catalyst which speeds up chemical reactions and is a large protein molecule.

How and What does proteins get broken down into and where is it found?

How- Protease
What- Amino Acids

Where- Stomach ,Pancreatic fluid, Small Intestine

How,Where,What does Starch get broken down into?

How- Amylase
Where- Saliva,Pancreatic fluid

What- Simple Sugars

How,What,Where does lipids get broken down into?

How-Lipase
What-Gylercol, 3 Fatty Acids

Where- Pancreatic Fluid,Small Intestine

Where is Bile made?

Liver

Where is Bile stored?

Gall bladder

What does Bile do to lipids?

-Speed up the digestion of lipids.
- Emulsifies ipids which increases SA

-Is alkaline so neutralises stomach acid.

What do we use to test for starch? What colour will it form?

Test-Iodine
Positive - Blue black

Negative - Orange

What do we use to test for sugars? What colour will it form?

Test- Benedicts Reagant
Positive - Green (little),Yellow(moderate),Brick Red(Alot)

What do we use to test for Proteins? What colour will it form?

Test-Biuret Reagent
Positive- Lilac

What do we use to test for lipids? What colour will it form?

Test- Ethanol & Water
Positive - Cloudy White Precipitate

Negative- Colourless

Give me 4 adaptations of the Small Intestine.

- Very long which increases SA
- Villi which increase SA and contain micro villi which increase SA further

- Good bloody supply so the bloodstream can move products faster and increases concentration gradient

- Thin Membrane - shorter diffusion path

How many chambers do the heart have? What are they?

-4 Chambers
-Right/left Atrium

-Right/left Ventricle

Describe the process on how blood gets oxygenated?

- Vena Cava brings in deoxygenated blood from the body
-The blood passes from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery

-The lungs collect oxygen

-The oxygenated blood then passes from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary vein

- Blood pumped from the heart to the body through aorta

Describe the process which includes the 4 chambers?

- Blood enters throguh the atria
-right side -Body- lungs

-left side - lungs to body

-The Atria contract which forces blood out of the heart

-Ventricles contract force blood out of the heart

-Valves stop the back flow of blood

Why does the left side of the heart have a thicker muscular wall?

The left side carries/pumps blood to the body which creates more pressure.

What is the structure and function of the coronary artereis?

Strucutre-They branch out of the aorta into the heart muscles
Function- Provides oxygen to the muscle cells in the heart

What is the resting heart rate controlled by?

Pacemaker

Where is a pacemaker found?

In the right atrium.

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