TEST SCIENCE
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where is the DNA found in the cell in the eukaryotic cell
Nucleous
Where is the DNA found in the cell in a prokaryotic cell - bacteria
Nucleoid
What is a chromosome
Tiny thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell
What is a gene
Series of nucleotides that provides a code for a specific protein along DNA
Where are the genes located on the chromosome
In the cell nucleus
How many chromosomes does a human have
Around 2000
What are Homologous Chromosomes
The chromosomes are the same
What are sex-linked genes
Characteristics that are influenced by genes carried on sex chromosomes
What are the female sex-linked genes
XX
What are the male sex-linked genes
XY
What is a Karyotype
Visual representation of the chromosomes of an organism
What are monosomy and Trisomy
Monosomy is where one chromosome is missing
Trisomy is where there is an extra chromosome
Polyploidy is more than one set of chromosomes. What would this mean to an organism
Organisms would florish
What is mitosis
One cell splits in half to create a new cell
What is meiosis
Produces a special sex cell celled gametes
What is the proccess of mitosis
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What is a haploid cell and when is it produced
It has one set of chromosomes and its not homologous. It is produced during Meiosis
What is a diploid cell and when is it produced
2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent
What is a chromatid
One half of a duplicated chromosome
What is the function of the 'cross over' phase during meiosis
Parts of the chromosome can be switched
What is an allele
Alternative form of gene for particular characteristics
where are alleles located
Gene locus
What is the genotype of an organism
The thing that makes up the organism
What is the phenotype of an organism
What you see on the organism
What is a pedigree
A chart with symbols to represent relationships within a family
What are the common features of autosomal dominant inheritance
if both parents have a trait but one or more offsprings do not have it
What are the common features of an autosomal recessive inheritance
if both parents have a trait but one or more offsprings have it
What offspring are possibly more affected by X linked recessive
males
What offspring are affected by x-linked dominant
Females