physiology final
what are the 4 functions of blood
- transportation
- maintain
- protects against infection and blood loss
what % of water is made of blood
91%
an erythrocyte is another name for ____
red blood cell
which of the following are NOT complete cells: erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes
platelets
____ is the formation of blood cells
hematopoiesis
in the production of RBC's, what process is used to make proteins and form new hemoglobin
transcription
what is the stimulant that causes an imbalance in normal blood oxygen levels?
hypoxia
(due to decreased RBC count, hemoglobin, and availability of O2)
during the production of erythrocytes, what stimulates the kidneys to produce erthropoietin
low O2 levels in blood
this hormone regulates the formation of platelets:
thrombopoietin
these 3 phases are part of what event:
vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation
hemostasis
where are antigens (agglutinogens) found
on the surface of RBC
where are antibodies (agglutinins) found
in the plasma
although there are __ different Rh agglutinogens, only __ are common
45, 3
blood typing of the Rh factor is based on the presence or absence of _____
D agglutinogen
what is the function of RhoGAM
prevents the Rh- mother from becoming sensitized
what are 3 types of blood cancer
lymphoma
leukemia
myleoma
what is aplastic anemia
reduced production of RBC
this type of cancer involves white blood cells
leukemia
true or false; leukocytes are not functional in a subject who has leukemia
true
true or false; anti-Rh antibodies are spontaneously formed in Rh- individuals
false
what is not associated with hemostasis
-increased fibrin formation
-vasoconstruction of blood vessels
- increased platelet attraction
-inhibition of prothrombin
inhibition of prothrombin
true or false; platelets have a lifespan of 120 days
false
these blood cells are produced in large numbers in response to parasitic infection
eosinophils
what clotting factor is involved in initiating inflammation
hageman factor
if you have blood type AB+, what blood type can you receive
all of them
this type of blood can be donated to all types of blood, but can only recieve the same type
O-
what is the pathway of pulmonary circuit
pulmonary arteries -> lungs -> pulmonary veins
_____ has the fastest depolarization rate in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
sinoatrial node
in healthy human heart the total time between SA node activation to the depolarization of last ventricular muscle cell is:
0.22s
true or false; in the atrioventricular bundle, the atria and ventricles are connected by gap junctions
false
why do Purkinji fibers have barrel-like arrangements
allows for stretching of the ventricles when blood flow is increased
______ is a form of ventricular tachycardia that occurs as a result of heart disease
hint: aka QRS complex appears twisted
Torsades de Pointes
this is the cause of what disease: presence of an extra electrical pathway between upper and lower chambers in the heart, producing a rapid heartbeat
wolff-parkinson-white syndrome
what is the cardiac cycle
the events associated with blood flow through heart
in the cardiac cycle, ____ is contraction of the heart
systole
what are the 4 phases of the cardiac cycle
1. ventricular filling
2. ventricular systole
3. isoventricular systole
4. dicrotic notch
_____ is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
cardiac output
_______ is the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat
stroke volume
what is end diastolic volume (edv) and its normal volume
blood collected in a ventricle during diastole, 120mL
what is end systolic volume (edv) and its normal volume
amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction, 50mL
what is the critical factor controlling stroke volume
preload of cardiac muscle cells before contraction