micro 2
With urine cultures, since a 0.001mL loop is used you multiply by _______ vs 100 if a 0.01mL loop in order to determine CFU/mL
1000
counts between __________________ are evaluated as important based on clinical symptoms
10^4 and 10^5 cfu/mL
A _______________ is an invasive procedure preformed by physician where they directly collect a sample from the bladder, ureters, and kidneys using a Cytoscope
Cytoscopy
A ___________________ is when a physician obtains a specimen directly from the bladder using a needle
Suprapubic aspirate
A _______________ is obtained from patients who have a permanent fistula connecting directly into the pelvis of the kidney
Nephrostomy specimen
The ______________ test can be used for presumptive E. coli infections in UTIs
Spot indole
Staph saprophyticus is the main organism responsible for UTIs specifically in young women; it is uniquely _______________
Novobiocin resisitent
__________ is responsible for ~80% of all UTIs
E. coli
______________ occurs when organisms usually of normal flora are introduced into the blood, causing bacteremia (immunocompromised)
Transient Bacteremia
__________________ occurs when bacteria from an infected site (extravascular abcess, septic arthritis, peritonitis, etc) is released into the blood causing bacteremia
Intermittent Bacteremia
________________ usually occurs when the infection is intravascular or infected hardware is the carrier of the organism (Nosocomial), resulting in bacteremia
Continuous bacteremia
The _____________ play the primary role in clearing bacteria from the blood, with PMNs only playing a minor role
spleen and liver
The mortality rate with bacteremia is uncomfortably high with people at the age of 20 having a ~ ______ mortality rate and people over 50 with a ~_______ mortality
13.8%; 49.8%
The most COMMON organism isolated in catherer related infectiosn is ________________
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus
The most SERIOUS organism isolated in catherer related infections is ________________
Gram-negative bacilli and Staph aureus
when blood culture bottles are drawn 2 sets (preferably) each with 2 bottles (one aerobic one anaerobic) are drawn each filled __________ of blood (total of 32-40mL drawn)
8-10 mL
The BACTEC culture system uses ___________ to measure CO2 released (BacT/Alert system uses spectralight)
fluoresence
_________________ all are normal flora of the respiratory system
Strep viridans, Neisseria, Cornyebacterium, Strep pneumoniae, Staph aureus, etc.
Group a Strep (Strep pyogenes) is Bacitracin ________________
susceptible
Bordertella pertussis, causitive agent of "whooping cough", can be identified using _____________
Bordet-gengou (PBA) or Regan- Lowe agar
____________ can cause Thrush
Candida spp
Strep pneumoniae can be confimed with the ________________ tests
optochin susceptibility and Bile solubility
Before sputum can be tested you first must gram stain in order to determine if the sample is proper, then presence of _________________ can confirm this
<10 Squamous Epithelial cells and >25 PMNs per low power field
if a patient presents a fever of unknown origin the doctor usually orders a _________________
Blood culture
____________ susceptibility can be used for presumptive identification of Staph saprophyticus
Novobiocin
_______________ causes most cases of Pharyngitis
Group A strep