lymphatic and Immune systems
lymph/o
the fluid that removes cellular waste products, pathogens, and dead blood cells from the tissues.
anti-
against
carcin/o
cancerous
immun/o
immune protection safe
lymphaden/o
lymph node or gland
aden/o
gland
axill/o
armpit
cyt/o
cell
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
mamm/o
brest
mast/o
breast
myc/o
fungus
onc/o
tumor
path/o
Disease
phag/o
eat or swallow
phot/o
light
splen/o (one e)
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
tonsill/o
tonsils
tox/o
poison
myel/o
bone marrow
neo- , ne/o
new, strange
-oma
tumor, neoplasm
-plasm
formative material of cells
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
-tic
pertaining to
tox/o
poison, poisonous
aquired immunodeficiency syndrome
The most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection
allergen
A substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual
anaphylaxis
A severe response to an allergen in which the symptoms developed quickly and without help and patient can die within a few minutes
antibiotics
A medication that is capable of inhibiting, the growth of or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
antibody
A disease fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
antifungal
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
antigen
any substance that the body regards as foreign
antigen-antibody reaction
the binding of antigens to antibodies
autoimmune disorder
any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies to work against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens
bacilli
rod-shaped spore-forming bacteria
bacteria
A group of one celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic
benign
not life-threatening
candidiasis
an infection caused by yeast, a type of fungus
carcinoma
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
carcinoma in situ
A malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues
complement system
A group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form, when needed these cells compliment the ability of antibodies to ward off, pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells
cytokines
a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells that act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response
cytomegalovirus
a group of large herpes-type viruses found in most body foods and most often causing an infection without signs or symptoms can cause a serious illness when the individual has a week immune system or when passed from mother to unborn child.
cytotoxic drug
medication that kills or damages cells
ductal carcinoma in situ
breast cancer at its earliest stage, before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.
hemolytic
describes the function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse
herpes zoster
an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlining route of the inflamed nerve
hodgkins lymphoma
A malignancy of the lymphatic system that is distinguished from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes
human immunodeficiency virus
A blood board infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system
immunotherapy
A treatment of disease by either stimulating or repressing the immune response
immunoglobulins
bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
immunosuppressant
a substance that prevents or reduces the bodies, normal immune response
infectious mononucleosis
an infection caused by me Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat and enlarged lymph nodes
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
breast cancer that starts in the milk duct breaks through the wall of that duct and invades the surrounding fatty breast tissue, also known as invasive ductile carcinoma
interferons
produced and response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells they activate the immune system, fight viruses and signal other cells to increase their defenses
lymphadenopathy
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
lymphangioma
A benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
lymphedema
swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues
lymphocytes
one of three types of cells that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells that act as specialized antibodies
lymphoma
A general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues
lymphoscintigraphy
A diagnostic test to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels
macrophage
A type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells
malaria
a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
malignant
becoming progressively worse and life-threatening
mammography
A radiographic examination of the breast to detect the presence of tumors or pre-cancer cells
metastasis
The process by which cancer is spread to a new , May refer to the tumor itself
metastasize
to spread from one place to another
myoma
a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
myosarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
non-hodgkins lymphoma
The term used to describe all lymphoma other than Hodgkin's lymphoma
opportunistic infection
caused by a pathogen that normally does not cause illness in healthy humans, but is able to cause an infection in a weakened host
osteosarcoma
a hard-tissue sarcoma usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis or the knees
parasite
A plant or an animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism
rabies
an acute viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal
rickettsia
small bacteria that live in lice fleas ticks, and mites that transmit infections to humans
rubella
A viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes and a fine pink rash, also known as German measles or three day measles
sarcoma
A malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue, plural, sarcomas or sarcomata
spirochetes
Long, slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls, and are capable of movement
splenomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the spleen
staphylococci
Group of about 30 species of bacteria that form a regular groups or clusters, resembling grapes
streptococci
bacteria that form a chain
systemic reaction
A severe reaction to an allergen also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock
teletherapy
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body that is precisely targeted with the use of three-dimensional computer imaging
toxoplasmosis
A parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces.
varicella
A highly contagious disease caused by a herpes virus, characterized by a fever and rash also known as chickenpox
lacteals
specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by bloodstream
interstitial fluid
plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries and then flows into the space between the cells of the tissues
lymphatic capillaries
microscopic ,blind ended (sealed on one end) tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness
lymphatic vessels
located deeper within the tissues like veins, lymphatic vessels have valves to prevent the backflow of lymph
right lymphatic duct
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body and the right arm.
subclavian
vain is the proximal part of the main vein of the arm
thoratic duct
The largest lymphatic vessel in the body collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck. The upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm the entire lower portion of the trunk and both legs, the thoracic empties into the left subclavian.
lymph node
bean shaped, contains specialoized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens.
cervical lymph nodes
are located along the sides of the neck
axillary lymph nodes
are located under the arms in the area known as the armpits
natural killer cells
play an important roll in the killing of cancer cells ans cells infected by viruses
B cells , B lymphocytes
specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
t cells, t lymphocytes
originate in the thymus. play a centeral role in cell mediated immunity
interleukins
play mulitple roles in the immune system including directing b and t cells to divide and proliferate.
lymphoid
pertaining to the lymphatic system or resembling lymph or lymphatic tissue.
tonsils
3 masses of lymphoid tissues that form a protective ring around the back of the nose ans upper throat.
adenoids , nasopharyngeal tonsils
located in the nasopharynx, which is the upper part of the pharynx
palatine tonsils
located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible at the back of the mouth.
palatine
describes the hard and soft palates that form the roof of the mouth
lingual tonsils
located atvthe base of the toungue, they are not readily visible
lingual
pertaining to the toungue
thymus
a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart, reaches its greatest size at puberty and becomes smaller whith age
vermiform appendix , appendix
may play important role in immune system. hangs from the lower portion of the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine.
spleen
a sac like mass of lymphoid tissue located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm and behind the stomach
pathogens
disease producing microorganisms
toxins
poisonous or harmful substances
malignant cells
potentially life threatening cancer cells
acid mantle
makes it an inhospitable environment for most bacteria
phagocytes
specialized leukocytes that act as part of the antigen-antibody reaction by destroying substances
phagocytosis
is the process of destroying pathogens by surrounding and swallowing them.
monocytes
leukocytes that provide immunological defenses against many infectious organisms
macrophage
leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells
dendritic cells
special leukocytes that patrol the body searching for antigens that produce infections
-al
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical removal
-gen
producing, causing
-megaly
abnormal enlargment
rickettsia
A small bacterium that lives in lice fleas ticks and mites, and can be transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick
Ca
cancer
AIDS
acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ
EBV
epstein-barr virus
MMR
measles, mumps, rubella (vaccination)
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
NHL
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
VZV
varicella zoster virus
lymphatic vessels
lymph enters capillaries within the tissues and then flows into progressively larger vessels as it travels by the action of body muscles to a large vein in the neck, where it enters the bloodstream.
lymphatic duct
larger lymphatic vessels eventually join together to form two ducts. right lymphatic duct empties into the right subclavian vein. the thoratic duct ( the largest lymphatic vessel) empties into the left subclavian vein
lymphocytes
white blood cells that are made in bone marroe and defend the body against foreign substances.
macrophages
a type of white bloos cell that surrounds and kills inwanted microscopic particles, such as bacteria and dead cells.