Bio203 exam 2
what is the function of cuticle
allows for water retention and provides resistance to UV light
Cons of cuticle in early land plants
blocked exchange of gases
stomata function
prevents water loss
function of vascular tissues in plants
move water and nutrients up from soil to rest of the plant
in what organism did vascular tissues first appear
club mosses then pteridophyta
what is the synapomorphie for porifera
multicelluar; contains spicule or spongin
cnidarian synapomorphie
true tissues; diploblastic
mollusca synapomorphie
mantle tissue
annelida synapomorphie
segmented body
nematoda synapomorphie
round bodied and protostome developmented
platyhelminthes synapomorphie
flat body and prostome development
arthropod synapomorphie
segmented joints; ecdysis
echinodermata synapomoprhie
spiny skin and deutersome development
chordata syn.
single nerve cord and deuterstome development
hepaticophyta syn.
lack vascular tissues and stomata
bryophyta syn.
secrete cuticle and have stomata
lycopodiophyta syn.
single vein of vascular tissue
pteridophyta syn.
seedless vascular plants
gymnosperm syn.
seeds and pollen
anthophyta syn.
flowering and fruiting bodies
cytridmycota syn.
swimming spores with single posterior flagella
zygomycota syn.
zygospores
glomeromycota syn.
mychorizae
xylem function
main conducting tissue for water and minerals absorbed by roots
vascular cambium function
produces secondary xylem and phloem; formation of wood and inner bark
phloem function
conducting photosynthesis
sieve tube member characteristics
contain callose, aids in wound repair
parts of xylem
tracheids, vessels, and rays
tracheid
dead at maturity, long tubes composed of vessel elements
cork cambium
periderm replacing epidermis results in formation of outer bark
cork
protective tissue to outside cork cambium
tap roots
primary root, gives rise to root hairs
fibrous roots
every root is primary
root hairs
extenstions of a single epidermal cell
how are non-woody plants overall supported
turgor pressure
parenchyma cells
protection of outer layer
collenchyma cells
thickened primary cell wall
sclerychyma cells
made of lignin structure and water transport
dermal tissue
protection outside
vascular tissue
transport of nutrients
shoot apical meristem
protected by young leaves at shoot tip; produces leaf and bud primordia
root apical meristem
located at tip of root and occurs in younger plants
primary growth
forms epidermis, ground and vascular bundles
pro cambium
gives rise to vascular bundles
pro dermin
gives rise to epidermis
key differences between heartwood and sapwood
heartwood is non conducting
what is secondary growth
make woody plants rigid and resistant to decay and involves and increase in width
what plants do true secondary growth
all seed plants except manocots
tegument function in parasites
forms protective barrier
what organisms use intracellular digestion
unicellular eukaryotes and sponges
limitation of intracellular digestion
small particles can be phagocytized
benefits of digestive system with 2 openings
can consume more prey at once, more processing area
specialization in mammalian herbivores: gut
elongated hindgut, rumen
reticulum
receives smaller material for breakdown
omasum
absorbance of fatty acids
ceacum in non-ruminants
site of bacterial fermantation
what is gut morphology dependent on
prey type
how to increase rate of diffusion with ficks law
increase A, decrease D, increase P
countercurrent exchange
decrease oxygen inside relative to oxygen outside