Neuro - Sleep 1

EEG readings depict differences in (blank) and (blank) over time

amplitude; frequency

An increased amplitude indicates a (higher or lower) degree of synchronous activity between cortical neurons

higher

True or False: Brain rhythms generated through synchronous neuron activity can be created through 2 different mechanisms

true

Cells within the _____ have been shown to have pacemaker properties that allow it to generate rhythmic cortical activity

thalamus

Which wave pattern is associated with deep sleep?

delta rhythms

Which wave pattern is associated with an activated cortex?

Beta rhythms

_____ wave patterns are associated with NREM 1, while ____ wave patterns are associated with NREM 2

alpha; theta

Spindles are found in the _____, and ripples are found in the _______

neocortex; hippocampus

True or False: Neuronal oscillations have been found to exist in the brains of all animals

true

Theta rhythms are found within the _______

hippocampus

Gamma rhythms are found within the _____

neocortex

Rhythms in the thalamus drive rhythms in the ______

cerebral cortex

Thalamocortical neurons have two firing modes: (blank) and (blank)

tonic; bursting

Is an alert, awake humans EEG synchronized or desynchronized?

desynchronized

High frequency and low amplitude EEG rhythms are also called ______ (2 words)

beta activity

Stage 1 sleep shows the appearance of ______

vertex spikes

Stage 2 sleep shows the appearance of _____

sleep spindles

K complexes

Stage 2 sleep contains mostly ______ waves

theta

Stage 3 sleep contains mostly ____ waves

delta

Stage 1 sleep contains mostly ______ waves

alpha

Delta waves, seen in NREM 3 sleep, are ____ amplitude and ___ frequency

high; low

REM EEG readings resemble which of the following the most:

Stage 1

Each sleep cycle is about ____ minutes in length

90

ninety

As the night progresses, we spend less time in ____ and more time in _____

stage 3; REM

Select all of the following that characterize NREM sleep:

slow eye movements

decrease in muscle tone

decreased metabolic rate

True or False: REM sleep increases with age

false

True or False: For adults, sleep onset begins with NREM while for infants, sleep onset begins with REM

true

As we get older, we have a reduction in which stage of non REM sleep (1, 2, or 3)?

3

three

The active synapse of afferent axons is on the ____ (upper or lower) part of the dendrite. When the afferent axon fires, the presynaptic terminal releases _____, which opens cation channels

upper; glutamate

EEG convention of plots signals with upward strokes representing ______ charges (positive or negative)

negative