Anything that has a mass and takes up space + a solid, liquid or gas or combination
the measure of the quantity if matter in an object (kg or g)
The measure of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up (L or mL)
definite volume and shape, particles vibrate, fixed positions, cannot easily change shape or volume
definite volume, no definite shape. Takes shape of container, close together but not tight, particles slide oast eachother
no definite shape or volume, far apart, space between particles changes easily, take the shape of their container, volume doesnt change because they always fill the entire container
need to heat or cool an object
solid to liquid - matter absorbs thermal energy and its temperature rises. The point at which the substance changes states is called the melting point
liquid to solid - energy is released, the temperature decreases and the point liquid turns to solid is called the freezing point
liquid to gas - temperature doesnt change but it absorbs thermal energy
evaporation and boiling
takes place below the surface of a liquid, the point at shich the liquid boils is calked the boiling point
takes place at the surface of a liquid, occurs at temperatures below the boiling point, faster molecules mist be near the surface and heading in the right direction, avoiding hitting other particles
as a gas cools, its particles lose energy and slow down, the attractions bring the particles together and form droplets, it is the opposite of vaporization
solid directly to gas
gas to solid directly e.g frost
characteristics that describe a substance
made if only one type of particle (element or compound)
pure substance that cannot br broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means (e.g pure gold, silver and oxygen)
two or more atoms that are chemically joined
a pure substance made of two or more elements combined together (e.g sugar, water)
combination of pure substances, but the substances don't combine chemically, and stays in its original pure form
the different substances that make up the mixture are visible is called heterogeneous
cloudy mixture, tiny particles of one substance can be seen within another
the different substances in the mixture are not individually visible, one is dissolved in another, also called homogenous
Mechanical mixture, heterogenous
mixture, homogenous and heterogenous
Pure substance, compound
pure substance, element
mixture, homogenous
Pure substance, compound
a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
cannot be measured, observed using our senses
property that is measured
transparent, translucent, or opaque
substance's ability to dissolve in another substance
abilith if a substance to be hammered into various shapes
how shiny an object is
the ability to be drawn into thin wires (e.g copper)
how much the matter resists to flow
how well electric currents move through a substance
D = m/v
V = m/d or l x w x h
M = D x V
composition of the substance stays the same, easy to reverse, change in shape, state, or dissolving
a description of what a substance does when reacting to new substances
ability of a substance to react with oxygen and produce heat and light energy
the ability of a substance to burn
the ability of a substance to react with another and form something new
the ability to react with oxygen and form a new substance
the ability to destroy or damage a substance chemically
a change that occurs and causes the identify of the substance to change, and has new properties
bubbles are formed, change in colour, hard to reverse, a solid is formed, and light/heat is being produced - change in energy
physical
chemical
physical
chemical