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Matter is?

Anything that has a mass and takes up space + a solid, liquid or gas or combination

Mass is?

the measure of the quantity if matter in an object (kg or g)

Volume is?

The measure of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up (L or mL)

Solids:

definite volume and shape, particles vibrate, fixed positions, cannot easily change shape or volume

liquids:

definite volume, no definite shape. Takes shape of container, close together but not tight, particles slide oast eachother

gasses:

no definite shape or volume, far apart, space between particles changes easily, take the shape of their container, volume doesnt change because they always fill the entire container

How do you change states

need to heat or cool an object

melting:

solid to liquid - matter absorbs thermal energy and its temperature rises. The point at which the substance changes states is called the melting point

freezing:

liquid to solid - energy is released, the temperature decreases and the point liquid turns to solid is called the freezing point

vaporizing

liquid to gas - temperature doesnt change but it absorbs thermal energy

two types of vaporization:

evaporation and boiling

boling:

takes place below the surface of a liquid, the point at shich the liquid boils is calked the boiling point

evaporation:

takes place at the surface of a liquid, occurs at temperatures below the boiling point, faster molecules mist be near the surface and heading in the right direction, avoiding hitting other particles

condensation:

as a gas cools, its particles lose energy and slow down, the attractions bring the particles together and form droplets, it is the opposite of vaporization

sublimation

solid directly to gas

deposition:

gas to solid directly e.g frost

property:

characteristics that describe a substance

Pure substance

made if only one type of particle (element or compound)

Element

pure substance that cannot br broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means (e.g pure gold, silver and oxygen)

Molecule

two or more atoms that are chemically joined

compound

a pure substance made of two or more elements combined together (e.g sugar, water)

Mixture

combination of pure substances, but the substances don't combine chemically, and stays in its original pure form

Mechanical mixture:

the different substances that make up the mixture are visible is called heterogeneous

suspension:

cloudy mixture, tiny particles of one substance can be seen within another

solution:

the different substances in the mixture are not individually visible, one is dissolved in another, also called homogenous

Sand:

Mechanical mixture, heterogenous

Pacific ocean

mixture, homogenous and heterogenous

water (H2O)

Pure substance, compound

Aluminum (AL)

pure substance, element

brass (Cu mixed with Zn)

mixture, homogenous

baking soda (NaHCO3)

Pure substance, compound

physical property:

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

Qualitative:

cannot be measured, observed using our senses

quantitative:

property that is measured

optical clarity:

transparent, translucent, or opaque

solubility:

substance's ability to dissolve in another substance

malleability:

abilith if a substance to be hammered into various shapes

luster

how shiny an object is

ductility

the ability to be drawn into thin wires (e.g copper)

viscosity:

how much the matter resists to flow

electrical conductivity:

how well electric currents move through a substance

density calculation

D = m/v

volume calculation

V = m/d or l x w x h

mass calculation

M = D x V

physical change

composition of the substance stays the same, easy to reverse, change in shape, state, or dissolving

Chemical property:

a description of what a substance does when reacting to new substances

combustibility:

ability of a substance to react with oxygen and produce heat and light energy

flammability:

the ability of a substance to burn

reactivity

the ability of a substance to react with another and form something new

oxidation

the ability to react with oxygen and form a new substance

corrodibility:

the ability to destroy or damage a substance chemically

chemical change:

a change that occurs and causes the identify of the substance to change, and has new properties

evidence of a chemical change

bubbles are formed, change in colour, hard to reverse, a solid is formed, and light/heat is being produced - change in energy

Water evaporates in the ocean

physical

bicycle rusts in the rain

chemical

shirt is torn

physical

a battery makes electricity to turn on a flashlight

chemical